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Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M5S0 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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Tl 

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si 

01 

fii 
si 

01 


Tl 

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This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film4  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

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y 

12X 


16X 


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24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
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empreinte. 

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dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
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symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


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method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  §tre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  r6duction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

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rj-PaJk 


RULE5 


FOR 


BASKET   BALL 


BY 


JA5.   NAISMITH 


INSTRUCTOR  IN 


International  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Training  School 


SPRINGFIELD,  MASS. 


PRESS   OF 
SPRINGFIELD    PRINTING   AND   BINDING  COMPANY 

1892 


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*    BASKET      BALL. 


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Basket  Ball  is  not  a  game  intended  merely  for 
amusement,  but  is  the  attempted  solution  of  a  prob- 
lem which  has  been  pressing  on  physical  educators. 
Most  of  the  games  which  are  played  out  of  doors  are 
unsuitable  for  indoors,  and  consequently  whenever 
the  season  closes,  the  game,  together  with  all  the 
benefits  to  be  derived  therefrom,  is  dropped.  It  is 
true  that  some  players  have  been  accustomed  to 
keep  up  a  desultory  kind  of  training  but  it  lacked 
the  all-round  development  that  is  so  requisite,  and 
very  frequently  failed  to  give  that  training  for  the 
heart  and  lungs  which  is  so  desirable.  A  number 
of  gymnasiums  have  running  tracks,  but  even  then 
it  is  more  or  less  uninteresting  to  run  around  a 
gallery  so  many  times  per  day. 

There  were  certain  definite  conditions  to  be  met 
by  the  game  which  was  required,  and  these  had  to 
be  complied  with  before  it  could  be  pronounced 
satisfactory. 

1st.  It  should  be  such  as  could  be  played  on 
any  kind  of  ground, — in  a  gymnasium,  a  large  room, 
a  small  lot,  a  large  field,  whether  these  had  uneven 
or  smooth  surface,  so  that  no  special  preparation 


would  be  necessary.  This  is  especially  necessary 
in  large  cities  where  in  order  to  get  a  good  sized 
field  you  must  go  to  a  considerable  distance,  thus 
rendering  it  inaccessible  to  many  of  the  members. 
Basket  ball  may  be  played  on  any  grounds  and  on 
any  kind  of  a  surface.  It  has  been  played  in  a 
gymnasium  12x20  and  can  be  played  on  an  ordinary 
foot  ball  field. 

2d.  It  should  be  such  as  could  be  played  by  a 
large  number  of  men  at  once.  This  has  been  fully 
met,  as  the  only  limit  to  the  number  of  men  that 
can  play  is  the  space  at  command.  If  a  great 
number  of  men  wish  to  play  at  once,  two  balls  may 
be  used  at  the  same  time,  and  thus  the  fun  is  aug- 
mented though  some  of  the  science  may  be  lost. 
The  men  however  are  required  to  keep  their  posi- 
tions a  little  more  carefully.  As  many  as  fifty  on 
a  side  have  been  accommodated. 

3d.  It  should  exercise  a  man  all-round.  Every 
part  of  his  body  should  get  a  share  of  attention. 
His  legs  are  used  to  sustain  his  body  and  his  arms 
are  exercised  in  handling  an  object,  which  is  a 
normal  function.  In  the  bendings  and  twistings 
of  the  trunk  and  limbs  the  vital  organs  receive  such 
exercise  as  will  make  them  healthy  and  strong. 
Thus  in  a  manner  it  serves  the  same  purpose  as  the 
sum  total  of  the  apparatus  in  a  gymnasium,  while 
the  main  development  is  in  strict  accord  with  the 
idea  of  unity  in  man.  It  should  cultivate  the  dif- 
ferent energies  of  which  he  is  capable.  Agility  is 
one  of  the  prime  requisites  in  a  game  where  the 


t 


" 


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ball  must  be  secured  before  an  opponent  can  reach 
it,  and  when  obtained  he  must  be  battled  in  his 
attempt  to  take  it  away.  This  also  gives  us  grace 
as  the  perfection  of  action.  Physical  judgment  is 
required  and  cultivated  in  handling  the  ball,  re- 
ceiving it  from  one  of  your  own  side,  and  eluding 
an  opponent.  This  requires  that  a  man  should 
keep  complete  control  of  himself  or  his  play  is 
more  than  likely  to  count  for  nothing.  A  wrong 
pass  may  give  the  opponent  a  decided  advantage 
and  an  instant's  hesitation  is  sufficient  to  lose  the 
best  opportunity  that  might  be  .offered.  There 
should  also  be  developed  that  manly  courage  which 
is  so  essential  in  every  true  gentleman. 

4th.  It  should  be  so  attractive  that  men  would 
desire  to  play  it  for  its  own  sake.  This  is  one  of 
the  chief  points  in  this  game.  The  thorough 
abandonment  of  every  thought  but  that  of  true  sport 
makes  it  entirely  recreative,  while  the  laughable 
side  of  the  game  may  be  appreciated  by  both  play- 
ers and  spectators.  It  is  made  more  attractive  by 
the  fact  that  it  is  a  game  into  which  competition 
may  enter  and  opposing  teams  may  try  their  skill, 
thus  giving  zest  to  those  who  have  become  profi- 
cient in  the  game. 

5th.  It  should  have  little  or  none  of  the  reputed 
roughness  of  Rugby  or  Association  foot  ball,  for 
this  reason,  kicking  at  the  ball  and  striking  at  it 
with  the  fist  were  prohibited.  All  running  with 
the  ball  was  done  away  with  because  when  a  man 
runs  with  the  ball  we  necessarily  have  tackling  to 


stop  him,  and  it  is  at  this  point  that  the  roughness 
of  Rugby  is  most  severely  felt.  This  regulation 
has  been  criticised  specially  by  Rugby  men,  but  the 
above  reasons  should  appeal  to  every  one  who  is 
seeking  a  game  that  can  be  played  without  rough- 
ness. A  man's  whole  attention  is  thus  centered  on 
the  ball  and  not  on  the  person  of  an  opponent,  and 
thus  opportunity  for  personal  spite  is  taken  away. 
If  some  of  the  rules  seem  unnecessarily  severe  it 
should  be  remembered  that  the  best  time  to  stop 
roughness  is  before  it  begins.  A  gymnasium  is 
bounded  by  wall^,  so  that  a  push  which  would  re- 
sult in  no  harm  on  the  soft  turf  may  send  a  player 
against  the  wall  with  force  enough  to  injure  him. 
If  the  rules  are  strictly  enforced  at  first  the  ijien 
will  soon  get  accustomed  to  playing  ball  instead  of 
trying  to  injure  those  who  are  opposed  to  them 
only  for  the  time  being,  and  they  will  soon  realize 
that  it  is  nothing  but  a  friendly  game.  The  very 
men  who  wish  to  play  roughly  will  be  the  first  to 
condemn  the  game  if  roughness  is  allowed,  for  it 
is  generally  they  who  get  the  worst  of  the  rough- 
ness in  the  end. 

6th.  1 1  should  be  easy  to  learn.  Lacrosse,  which 
is  considered  one  of  the  best  all-round  games,  has 
this  objection,  that  it  requires  too  much  practice 
in  order  to  obtain  even  the  exercise  from  the 
game,  whereas  any  one  can  learn  to  play  basket 
ball  at  a  single  lesson,  and  at  the  same  time 
obtain  the  exercise  which  an  experienced  player 
gets. 


4 


V 


4 


V 


These  were  felt  to  be  the  conditions  that  would 
determine  the  usefulness  of  a  game  that  might  be 
played  summer  and  winter,  in  any  climate,  and 
under  varying  conditions. 

The  object  of  a  player  should  be  whenever  his 
own  side  has  possession  of  the  ball  to  gain  an 
uncovered  position  so  that  his  own  side  may  pass 
it  to  him.  On  the  other  hand,  his  opponent  should 
see  that  he  does  not  gain  this  favorable  position. 
It  is  at  this  point  that  head  work  and  the  ability  to 
do  a  certain  thing  without  letting  his  opponent 
know  what  he  is  about  to  do,  are  valuable.  Indi- 
vidual play  does  not  count  for  much,  for  very  often 
a  man  has  to  sacrifice  his  own  chance  of  making  a 
goal  that  he  may  be  sure  of  it  from  the  hands  of 
another.  In  the  gymnasium  the  ball  as  a  rule 
should  not  be  passed  swiftly  in  a  straight  line,  but 
should  be  tossed  lightly  so  that  the  one  who 
receives  it  shall  lose  no  time  in  passing  it  to 
another  or  throwing  for  a  goal.  But  on  the  field, 
where  long  passes  may  be  made,  the  straight  throw 
may  be  used  to  advantage. 

Nine  men  make  a  nice  team  for  an  ordinary 
sized,  gymnasium,  and  they  may  be  arranged 
as  indicated  by  diagram  on  page  8. 

A  goal  keeper ;  two  guards  to  assist  him ;  a 
center ;  a  right  and  left  center  ;  two  wings  and  a 
home  man. 

These  are  arranged  in  this  order  from  the  goal 
which  they  are  defending.  A  man  does  not  need 
to  keep  strictly  to  his  place,  but  should  be  always 


BASKET. 


L.  Wing. 


Home. 


C/3 

R.  Wing,     g 

o 


I 
I 


L.  Center. 


Center. 


R.  Center. 


U 


L.  Guard. 


Goal  Keeper. 


R.  Guard. 


BASKET. 


Diagram  of  Basket  Ball— position  of  players. 


8 


I 

I 


in  his  own  part  of  the  grounds.  It  should  be  the 
duty  of  the  home  man  and  the  two  wings  to  get  a 
favorable  position  to  throw  for  goal  and  to  assist 
one  another  in  this  matter.  These  ought  to  be  men 
who  are  not  afraid  to  sacrifice  their  own  glory  for 
the  good  of  the  team,  while,  at  the  same  time,  they 
should  be  cool  headed  enough  to  use  every  oppor- 
tunity of  trying  for  goal.  It  is  often  the  unexpected 
that  wins.  The  center  men  are  placed  so  that  they 
may  assist  the  forwards  or  help  the  guards,  as  the 
strain  comes  on  each  of  these.  They  should  be 
able  to  make  a  good  shot  for  goal  and  quick  enough 
to  stop  a  good  play  of  an  opponent.  Their  aim 
should  be  constantly  to  feed  the  ball  forward  to 
their  own  men  and  keep  them  in  a  position  to 
make  goals.  The  duty  of  the  guards  is  principally 
to  prevent  the  opponents  throwing  for  goal,  by  pre- 
venting them  from  getting  the  ball,  and  by  taking 
it  from  them  when  they  are  preparing  to  throw. 
In  this,  if  anywhere,  prevention  is  better  than  cure, 
for  when  a  ball  is  thrown  up  so  as  to  alight  in  the 
basket  there  is  no  goal  keeper  who  can  keep  it 
from  entering.  The  goal  keeper's  duty  Is  to  get 
the  ball  away  from  the  vicinity  of  his  goal  and  to 
stop  as  many  plays  as  possible,  thus  he  will  bat  the 
ball  more  frequently  than  is  advisable  in  the  case  of 
the  other  players. 

When  fun  and  recreation  are  desired,  as  many 
men  as  please  may  play,  and  they  may  be  distrib- 
uted according  to  the  captain's  own  idea,  but  the 
best  plan  seems  to  be  to  divide  the  men  into  three 


classes,  forwards  occupying  the  third  of  the 
ground  nearest  the  opponents'  goal ;  center  men 
occupying  the  middle  third  ;  guards  occupying  the 
defensive  third  of  the  ground.  This  is  not  a  hard 
and  fast  division,  but  merely  to  let  the  men  know 
for  what  part  of  the  field  they  are  responsible. 
The  men  ought  to  be  taught  to  fill  every  position,  as 
it  is  intended  to  be  an  all-round  game,  and  though 
each  position  entails  plenty  of  hard  work  yet  each 
man  is  better  if  he  be  able  to  take  any  part. 

THE  GROUNDS. 

These  are  the  gymnasium  floor  cleared  of  appa- 
ratus, though  any  building  of  this  nature  would 
suit.  If  there  is  a  gallery  or  running  track  around 
the  building  the  baskets  may  be  hung  up  on  this, 
one  at  each  end,  and  the  bounds  marked  out  on  the 
floor  just  beneath  this  gallery.  The  apparatus  may 
be  stored  away  behind  this  line  and  thus  be  out  of 
the  field  of  play.  If  there  is  no  gallery  the  baskets 
may  be  hung  on  the  wall,  one  at  each  end.  In  an 
open  field  a  couple  of  posts  may  be  set  up  with 
baskets  on  top,  and  set  at  the  most  convenient  dis- 
tance. Out  of  doors,  with  plenty  of  room,  the  field 
may  be  150  feet  long,  the  goal  lines  running 
through  the  baskets  perpendicular  to  the  length  of 
the  field;  the  side  boundaries  100  feet  apart,  but 
the  ball  must  be  passed  into  the  field  when  behind 
the  goal  lines.  A  player  cannot  run  after  he  has 
picked  up  the  ball,  though  he  may  throw  it  and 
endeavor  to  get  it  again ;  by  this  means  he  may 

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make  progress  from  one  part  of  the  field  to 
another,  but  his  opponent  always  has  an  oppor- 
tunity of  gaining  the  ball  without  tackling  him. 
Again,  hie  may  bat  it  in  front  of  him  as  he  runs,  or 
dribble  it  with  his  hand  along  the  ground,  but  he 
cannot  kick  it  with  his  feet,  not  even  to  dribble  it. 
At  a  picnic  the  baskets  may  be  hung  on  a  couple 
of  trees  and  the  game  carried  on  as  usual. 

GOALS. 

The  goals  are  a  couple  of  baskets  or  boxes  about 
fifteen  inches  in  diameter  across  the  opening  and 
about  fifteen  inches  deep.  If  the  field  of  play  is 
large  the  baskets  may  be  larger,  so  as  to  allow  of 
more  goals  being  made.  When  the  field  is  150 
feet  long  the  baskets  may  be  thirty  inches  in 
diameter.  These  are  to  be  suspended,  one  at  each 
end  of  the  grounds,  about  ten  feet  from  the  floor. 
A  neat  device  for  a  goal  has  been  arranged  by  the 
Narragansett  Machine  Company,  by  which  the  ball 
is  held  and  may  be  thrown  out  by  pulling  a  string. 
It  is  both  lasting  and  convenient. 

The  object  of  the  game  is  to  put  the  ball  into  your 
opponents'  goal.  This  may  be  done  by  throwing  the 
ball  from  any  part  of  the  grounds,  with  one  or  both 
hands,  under  the  following  conditions  and  rules  : — 

The  ball  to  be  an  ordinary  Association  foot  ball. 

1.  The  ball  may  be  thrown  in  any  direction  with  one 
or  both  hands. 

2.  The  ball  may  be  batted  in  any  direction  with  one 
•or  both  hands  (never  with  the  fist). 

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3.  A  player  cannot  run  with  the  ball.  The  player 
must  throw  it  from  the  spot  on  which  he  catches  it,  al- 
lowance to  be  made  for  a  man  who  catches  the  ball 
when  running  if  he  tries  to  stop. 

4.  The  ball  must  be  held  by  the  hands,  the  arms  or 
body  must  not  be  used  for  holding  it. 

5.  No  shouldering,  holding,  pushing,  tripping,  or 
striking  in  any  way  the  person  of  an  opponent  shall  be 
allowed ;  the  first  infringement  of  this  rule  by  any 
player  shall  count  as  a  foul,  the  second  shall  disqualify 
him  until  the  next  goal  is  made,  or,  if  there  was  evident 
intent  to  injure  the  person,  for  the  whole  of  th-  game, 
no  substitute  allowed. 

6.  A  foul  is  striking  at  the  ball  with  the  fist,  viola- 
tion of  Rules  3,  4,  and  such  as  described  in  Rule  5. 

7.  If  either  side  makes  three  consecutive  fouls  it 
shall  count  a  goal  for  the  opponents  (consecutive  means 
without  the  opponents  in  the  mean  time  making  a  foul). 

8.  A  goal  shall  be  made  when  the  ball  is  thrown  or 
batted/r^w  the  grounds  into  the  basket  and  stays  there, 
providing  those  defending  the  goal  do  not  touch  or  dis- 
turb the  goal.  If  the  ball  rests  on  the  edges,  and  the 
opponent  moves  the  basket,  it  shall  count  as  a  goal. 

9.  When  the  ball  goes  out  of  bounds,  it  shall  be 
thrown  into  the  field  of  play  by  the  person  first  touch- 
ing it.  He  has  a  right  to  hold  it  unmolested  for  five 
seconds.  In  case  of  a  dispute  the  umpire  shall  throw  it 
straight  into  the  field.  The  thrower-in  is  allowed  five 
seconds,  if  he  holds  it  longer  it  shall  go  to  the  opponent. 
If  any  side  persists  in  delaying  the  game  the  umpire 
shall  call  a  foul  on  that  side. 

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10.  The  umpire  shall  be  judge  of  the  men  and  shall 
note  the  fouls  and  notify  the  referee  when  three  con- 
secutive fouls  have  been  made.  He  shall  have  power 
to  disqualify  men  according  to  Rule  5. 

11.  The  referee  shall  be  judge  of  the  ball  and  shall 
decide  when  the  ball  is  in  play,  in  bounds,  to  which  side 
it  belongs,  and  shall  keep  the  time.  He  shall  decide 
when  a  goal  has  been  made,  and  keep  account  of  the 
goals,  with  any  other  duties  that  are  usually  performed 
by  a  referee. 

12.  The  time  shall  be  two  fifteen  minutes,  halves, 
^with  five  minutes'  rest  between. 

13.  The  side  making  the  most  goals  in  that  time 
shall  be  declared  the  winner.  In  case  of  a  draw  the 
game  may,  by  agreement  of  the  captains,  be  continued 
until  another  goal  is  made. 

The  position  of  umpire  is  a  very  responsible 
-one,  and  on  his  ruling  depends,  to  a  great  degree, 
the  value  of  the  game.  If  he  deliberately  over- 
looks violation  of  the  rules  he  is  responsible  for  a 
great  deal  of  unnecessary  roughness  and  conse- 
quent ill  feeling,  but  if  he  is  firm  and  impartial  in 
his  decisions  he  will  soon  win  the  respect  of  all, 
even  those  who  suffered  at  the  time. 

When  a  goal  is  made  it  does  not  cancel  the  fouls 
made,  neither  does  half  time. 

Any  player  has  a  right  to  get  the  ball  at  any 
time  when  it  is  in  the  field  of  play,  provided  only 
that  he  handles  the  ball  and  not  the  opponent.  He 
may  slap  or  pull  the  ball  out  of  another's  hands  at 
any  time  while  in  the  field  of  play. 


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A  player  may  stand  in  front  of  the  thrower  and 
obstruct  the  ball,  but  he  must  not  violate  Rule  5. 
One  aim  of  the  rules  has  been  to  eliirinate  rou^h 
play,  and  for  this  reason  the  umpire  must  interpret 
them  with  this  aim  in  view. 

Any  side  which  persistently  makes  fouls  is  work- 
ing against  its  own  interests,  as  three  consecutive 
fouls  count  a  goal  for  the  other  side.  This  seemed 
the  best  way  of  compensating  those  who  play  a 
good  clean  game,  and  it  has  proved  of  value  al- 
ready, for  many  a  team  has  had  two  fouls  called  on 
them,  but  very  seldom  do  they  make  the  third,  for 
a  team  is  then  on  its  good  behavior,  and  thus  shows 
that  it  is  possible  to  play  without  making  many 
fouls.  Setting  the  number  at  three  gives  plenty  of 
room  for  those  made  by  accident. 


4 


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